Liquor cerebrospinalis

Liquor cerebrospinalisCerebrospinal fluid (CSF), CSF, is a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and ventricular system around and inside the brain. Basically, the brain "floats" in it. CSF occupies the space between the arachnoid mater (middle layer of the brain cover, meninges), and pia mater (the layer closest to the meninges of the brain). This is the content of all intra-cerebral (inside the brain, the brain) ventricles, cisterns, and sulci (single groove), and the central canal of the spinal cord.This acts as a "cushion" or buffer for the cortex, providing mechanical protection and basic immunology to the brain inside the skull.It is produced in the choroid plexus.It is produced in the brain by modified ependymal cells in the walls of the choroid plexus (approximately 50-70%), and the rest formed around the blood vessels and along the ventricle. This outstanding from the choroid plexus through the interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro) into the third ventricle, and then through the cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) into the fourth ventricle, where it out through two lateral holes (foramen of Luschka) and a median aperture (foramen of Magendie). Then flows through cerebellomedullary well below the spine and the brain hemispheres.It had been thought that CSF back into the vascular system by the dural venous sinuses go through the arachnoid villi or granulations. However, some [1] have suggested that the CSF flow along cranial nerves and spinal nerve roots allows into the lymphatic channels, these flows can play an important role in reabsorbtion CSF, in particular in neonates, # in which arachnoid granulations are rarely distributed. CSF flow for nasal submucosal lymphatic channels through cribiform plaque seems particularly important.Function:CSF has a role thought to many, including mechanical protection of the brain, the distribution of neuroendocrine factors, and prevention of brain ischemia. Actual mass of the human brain is about 1400 grams; However, the net weight of the brain is suspended in CSF is equivalent to a mass of 25 grams [5] Prevention of brain ischemia is made by reducing the amount of CSF. limited space inside the skull. This decreases total intracranial pressure and facilitate blood perfusion. It also cushions spinal cord against jarring shock.


Sample images: In CSF examination we need 3 pieces of sterile tubes:A. The first tube for chemical analysis, serology and other special examinations.2. The second tube for bacteriological analysis3. The third tube for microscopic analysis of cells
Indication of lumbar puncture include:A. Diagnosika. Evaluation of cerebrovascular bleeding vascularb. Diagnosis of infectious diseasesc. Disorder diagnoses imunoserologid. Diagnosis by myelographie. Differential diagnossis of cerebral or cerebral hemorraghi infrak2. Therapeutic actiona. Reduce pressure intraacranialb. Therapeutic actions, such as the LeukaemiaOn macroscopic examination are used only:§ Color§ Clarity§ clotLABORATORY ANALYSIS macroscopica. Methods: Comparison with the distilled water is visuallyb. Principle: In the normal state of being like water LCS can compare in value with changes in the form of LCSc. Tools and Materials:Test tube White paperd. How it works: Test tube filled with distilled water sufficiently for comparison. Examples of the material loaded on the same tube size by comparison. The tube is placed adjacent to a white paper background. Compare the sample material with distilled water.e. Read the results: Colorclarity or turbidity:* 0 = clear* +1 = Foggy* +2 = Light turbidity* +3 = Actual turbidity* +4 = Very turbid clot, no (-) or is there clot (+)Microscopic examination performed on only: Leukocyte ErythrocytesØ Calculation of leukocytes and erythrocytes cells should be done, this is because 40% of the leukocytes to lyse after 2 hours, will lyse erythrocytes sedamgkam after 1 hour at room temperature.Ø Correction CSF leukocyte count and protein for peripheral blood contamination that has to do with the trauma of puncture and CSF calculation of the number of erythrocytes which have limited diagnostic value for the differential diagnosis of traumatic puncture vs. hemorhagi subarakhanoid.Ø normal reference values ​​in children and adults for the number of leukocytes (monocytes and lymphocytes) are 0-5 cells / ul blood, while for neonates 0-30 cells / ul of blood.LABORATORY ANALYSIS leukocyte count:a. Methods: Calculate room Improved Neubauerb. Principle: LCS was diluted in comparison tertentudan leukocyte count in a certain volumec. Tools and Materials:Pipette § leukocyt
 Calculate room § Improved Neubauersmall tubeMicroscoped. Reagents used: Turk solutione. How it Works:Shake slowly LCS to be examined 
suck turk with a pipette solution of leucocytes to the mark 1 (one)Then LCS sucked up to the mark 11 (eleven) and so shaken 
Place the cover slip over the counting chamber 
Place the LCS is in piprt leucocytes disposed between 2-3 drops, then dropped into the counting chamber filled. Let stand about 5 minutes in a flat position. and then the check in the light microscope objective lens with a magnification 10 times.Calculate all leukocytes contained in 9 large squares.

 Chemical examination conducted on only:
  
a. TES Pandyb. TES NONNE Apeltc. GLUCOSEd. Lactic Acid